The Creatine Journal

Our method

How we grade evidence

Every article and every key takeaway carries one of four grades, so you can tell a settled answer from a promising one at a glance.

Strong

Several well-run human trials or a systematic review point the same way, and the effect shows up in women or in mixed groups that included women.

Moderate

Human trials exist and mostly agree, but they are small, short, or mostly in men, or the results are mixed between studies.

Early

One or two small human studies, pilot data, or animal and cell research. Interesting, not settled.

None yet

The question has not been studied well enough to answer, and we say so.

What we look at

Who was studied (age, sex, life stage), how many people, the dose and the duration, what was measured, and whether the result was repeated. We cite the original paper, not a press release.